Hisitori le Setso · Difiliimi le dibuka · metsotso e le 8

Roulette mo Dikwalong

Ka fa bakwadi ba dikwalo ba dirisang roulette ka teng go kwala ka ga madi, go tshwarwa ke selo le tshono.

Karabo e khutshwane

Go tswa kwa The Gambler ya ga Dostoevsky go ya kwa Klondike ya ga Jack London le Casino Royale ya ga Fleming, roulette mo dikwalong tsa boitlhamedi e bua ka motshameki, e seng ka leotwana. Tse di gaisang tsa tsone di tlhalosa phoso, go patelediwa le thulaganyo go tswa ka fa teng, ka nepagalo e dipampitshana tsa maano di iseng di e fitlhelele.

Lablée, La Roulette
1801
Dostoevsky, The Gambler
1866
London, Shorty Dreams
1912
Fleming, Casino Royale
1953

Lablée, 1801

La Roulette, ou le Jour ke padi e e diragalang go nna le tlhaloso ya ntlha e e feletseng ya motshameko: diphaposi tsa Palais-Royal, malefelaleotwanaLefelaPhaposi e le nngwe e tala e go seng bete ya tekatekano, ya dozen kgotsa ya kholomo e e e khupetsang; motswedi wa molemo wa khasino. Gape: lefela le le lengwe, 0.Bala yotlhe → a mabedi, thulaganyo ya dibetedidirisiwaThulaganyo ya dibeteGrete ya dibete e e gatisitsweng mo tafoleng. Gape: tafole, felt, letsela.Bala yotlhe →, dipitso tsa ba-croupierbathoCroupierMoabi kwa tafoleng ya roulette.Bala yotlhe →. Ke motswedi wa ntlha wa tshimologo ya roulette mme e ka nna gore ga go na ope yo o e badileng jaaka padi, mme seo ga se phoso.

Dostoevsky, 1866

The Gambler e buisitswe mo malatsing a le 26 go fitlhelela konteraka le go duela dikoloto tsa go betšha tse di dirilweng kwa Wiesbaden le Homburg. Mmolelwa wa yone, Alexei, ke morutabana mo lelapeng la Russia kwa “Roulettenburg” yo o fenyang khumo kwa ditafoleng mme a e latlhegelwa, le ene ka boene, mo bukeng yotlhe. Ditlhaloso tsa ditafole, dithulaganyo tse batshameki ba di dirisang, tlhomamiso ya gore tatelano e tshwanetse go fela le ka fa phenyo e utlwalang jaaka kitso ka teng ke pego e e gaisang ya phoso ya motshameki mo puong epe, e kwadilwe e batla e le dingwaga di le masome a matlhano pele ga dintshobeteNtshoBete ya tekatekano mo dipalong di le 18 tse dintsho. Sefora: noir.Bala yotlhe → di le 26 le lekgolo la dingwaga pele ga ikonomi ya maitsholo.

tirongwagase e se nepang
Lablée, La Roulette, ou le Jour1801motshameko ka bojone; tlhaloso ya ntlha e e feletseng
Pushkin, The Queen of Spades1834thulaganyo jaaka go tshwarwa ke selo (faro, e seng roulette)
Thackeray, Vanity Fair1848setšhaba sa dikhasino tsa metse ya metsi a a fodisang; Becky kwa ditafoleng
Dostoevsky, The Gambler1866phoso go tswa ka fa teng; go patelediwa; khasino ya metse ya metsi a a fodisang
London, “Shorty Dreams” (Smoke Bellew)1912mofenyi a le esi yo o ikanyegang: leotwana le le kgopameng, e seng thulaganyo
Fleming, Casino Royale1953Bond o bea mo di-dozen tse pedi; khasino jaaka terata
Bass, The Eudaemonic Pie1985e seng boitlhamedi: fisiki kgatlhanong le leotwana
dikwalo tsa nnete tsa khasino tsa mofuta wa ga MezrichBo2000thulaganyo e e dirang (ka metlha motshameko wa dikarata; ga se ka nako epe roulette)

Bad Homburg le Dikhasino tsa Metse ya Metsi a a FodisangRoulettenburg ya ga Dostoevsky

Thackeray le metse ya metsi a a fodisang

Vanity Fair e fela ka Becky Sharp kwa ditafoleng tsa toropo ya metsi a a fodisang ya Jeremane, mme kgaolo ke setshwantsho se se bogale sa gore ke bomang ba ba neng ba nna go dikologa leotwana la roulette ka bo1840: ba ba senyegetsweng, ba ba solofelang, ba ba tennweng le baitseanape. Thackeray o ne a se bone; Baden-Baden e ne e le mo tseleng ya moeti mongwe le mongwe wa Moengelane. Smoke (1867) ya ga Turgenev e diragala mo diphaposing tse di tshwanang.

Ba ba senyegetsweng, ba ba solofelang, ba ba tennweng le baitseanape go dikologa tafole ya roulette ya metsi a a fodisang.

Jack London, 1912

“Shorty Dreams”, polelo mo Smoke Bellew, ke yone fela tiro ya boitlhamedi e e tlhalosang motshameki wa roulette yo o fenyang sentle, ka gonne motshameki ga a dirise thulaganyo. Smoke Bellew, monna wa San Francisco yo o fetogileng mmati wa gauta wa Klondike, o nna fatshe kwa tafoleng ya roulette mo bareng ya Elkhorn kwa Dawson mme a simolola go fenya, bosigo morago ga bosigo, didolara di le 3,500 ka nako. Molekane wa gagwe Shorty o swetsa gore o tshwanetse a bo a lora. Batshameki ba Dawson, ba ba itseng go tswa kwa “the mathematic sharps in the colleges” gore roulette ka boyone ke yone fela thulaganyo, ba tlatsa dibukana ba leka go tlhaloganya dibete tsa gagwe mme ba sa bone sepe, ka gonne Smoke o fetofetola go tshameka ga gagwe ka bomo, gangwe a latlhegelwa ke dibete tsa moedi di le masome a mane ka tatelano go fifatsa setshwantsho.

Beng ba metshameko ba le lesome ba toropo ba kopanya banka ya didolara di le 10,000 mo phaposing e e kwa morago mme ba mo laletsa go e lwantsha. O e roba mo ureng le halofo. Fa ba lebane le go fokotsa meedi ya bone go ya kwa sente kgotsa go tswala ditafole, ba botsa gore o tla rekisa thulaganyo ka bokae. Didolara di le dikete di le masome a mararo, o a bua, dikete di le tharo mongwe le mongwe, di duelwa ka lerole la gauta, mme o tla solofetsa go se tlhole a e tshameka kwa Dawson. Ba a duela. Morago o a ba bontsha: fa kgweledidirisiwaKgweleKgwele e nnye e e latlhelwang mo tseleng kgatlhanong le rotor. Dikgwele tsa segompieno ke tsa ivorine kgotsa Teflon, 18–21 mm.Bala yotlhe → e latlhelwa fa 9 e lebane le motshwari, 26 e a fenya; 11 e lebane e tlisa lefela le le menaganemofutaLefela le le menaganePhaposi ya 00 ya leotwana la Amerika. Go nna teng ga yone go tsholetsa molemo wa khasino go tswa go 2.70% go ya go 5.26%.Bala yotlhe →; lefela le le menagane le lebane le tlisa 32. “It doesn’t always happen, but it usually happens.” Big Burke o emisa leotwana, o le leba, o leba setofo se se fa thoko ga tafole, mme o a hutsa. Leotwana le kgopamisitswe ke mogote. Ga se ise e nne thulaganyo; e ne e le leotwana le le sekamenglaboratoriLeotwana le le sekamangLeotwana le bogole jwa lone jwa sebele bo dirang gore diphaposi dingwe di nne le kgonagalo e kgolwane go feta 1/37. Ga le tlwaelege, mme le lemogiwa fela ka ditikologo di le dikete tse di kwadilweng.Bala yotlhe → le monna yo o lemogileng.

London o ne a feditse mariga kwa Klondike ka 1897–98 mme a itse dibara. Polelo ke thuto e e feletseng ya go tshameka ka molemo e ka nna dingwaga di le masome a matlhano pele ga Thorp: lebelela, kwala, bea mo karolongleotwanaKarolo ya leotwanaKgolokwe e e kopaneng ya diphaposi mo leotwaneng, e e farologanang le setlhopha mo thulaganyong ya dibete.Bala yotlhe → ya leotwana, fetofetola mokgwa gore khasino e se bone se lo se bonang, mme lo rekise pele ba sutisa tafole. Joseph Jagger o dirile selo sa nnete kwa Monte Carlo e ka nna ka 1880; phetolelo ya ga London e tshegisa go feta mme thuto ya batshameki ya gore goreng dithulaganyo di ka se dire e nepagetse jaaka sepe mo saeteng eno.

Big Burke o emisa leotwana mme o leba setofo se mogote wa sone o le kgopamisitseng.

Roulette ya Monte CarloTlhamane: Leano la Roulette le le Fenyang ka Metlha

Fleming, 1953

Casino Royale bogolo ke baccarat. Kwa roulette Bond o bea mo di-dozenbeteDozen1–12, 13–24 kgotsa 25–36, e duela 2:1.Bala yotlhe → tse pedi tsa ntlha ka bete e kgolo go gaisa ya tafole, a khupetsa dikarolo di le pedi mo go tse tharo tsa thulaganyo ya dibete, mme mo setshwantshong seo o fenya ditikologo di le thataro mo go di le supa; Fleming o mo dira gore a lemoge gore tikologo nngwe le nngwe ga e na kamano le e e fetileng. “Leano la James Bond” le le rekisiwang mo inthaneteng, phatlalatso mo go 19–36, six linebeteSix lineDipalo di le thataro mo melaong e mebedi e e bapileng, e duela 5:1. Sefora: sixain.Bala yotlhe → ya 13–18 le lefela, ga le yo mo padiing, le e seng mo dibukeng dipe tsa ga Fleming tse re di tlhatlhobileng; ga go itsiwe gore ke mang yo o le neileng leina la ga Bond pele. Dibete tsotlhe di ja 2.70% mo leotwaneng la lefela le le lengwe. Karolo ya Maano a go Bea Dibete mo Roulette e na le dipalo.

Go tshameka ga ga Bond mo padiing: bete e kgolo go gaisa ya tafole mo di-dozen tse pedi tsa ntlha.

Meedi ya Tafole ya Roulette

Dikwalo tsa nnete

The Eudaemonic Pie (1985) ya ga Thomas Bass e bolela polelo ya dikhomputara tsa dieta mme ke buka e e gaisang ka fisiki ya roulette mo mmading yo o tlwaelegileng. Richard Epstein le Stewart Ethier ba kwadile dipalo tse di tseneletseng. Beating the Wheel (1983) ya ga Russell Barnhart e kokoanya hisitori ya go tshameka go sekama. Ga go na ope yo o kwadileng buka e e balegang ka ga gore goreng dithulaganyo di palelwa, ka gonne e lekana mo tsebeng e le nngwe, e saete eno e nang le yone.

Roulette mo tsebeng
1801

Lablée. Motshameko o tlhalositswe.

1834

Pushkin. Thulaganyo jaaka bogafi (kwa faro).

1848

Thackeray. Setlhopha sa dikhasino tsa metse ya metsi a a fodisang.

1866

Dostoevsky. Motshameki wa sekao.

1892

Pina: “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo”.

1912

London. Smoke o fenya leotwana le le kgopameng kwa Dawson mme o rekisa “thulaganyo”.

1953

Fleming. Bond o bea mo di-dozen tse pedi.

1983–85

Barnhart; Bass. Dikwalo tsa nnete tsa go fenya leotwana.

2010

Ethier. Dipalo, di feletse.

The Eudaemons

Se dikwalo tsa boitlhamedi di se itseng

Gore thulaganyo ke tsela ya go ikutlwa o laola. Gore phenyo e utlwala jaaka kitso. Gore tatelano e e sa kgoneng go tswelela e a tswelela. Gore motshameki a le esi yo o fenyang tota ke yo o bonyeng sengwe se se phoso ka leotwana, le gore o tshwanetse go rekisa ka bonako. Gore tafole ke kwa motho a bontshang gore ke mang fa maduo a se mo diatleng tsa gagwe. Dipalo di bua dilo tse di tshwanang ka dipalo; bakwadi ba dipadi ba di buile pele.

Dipotso

Ke padi efe e ke tshwanetseng go e bala pele?

The Gambler. E khutshwane mme ke setlhogo sotlhe.

A The Gambler ke polelo ya botshelo jwa mokwadi?

Ka bogaufi. Ditatlhegelo tsa ga Dostoevsky ka boene, mokwadi wa gagwe wa khutshwafatso (yo a mo nyetseng) le lefelo la metsi a a fodisang tsotlhe di teng.

A Fleming o tlhamile phatlalatso ya Bond?

Nnyaa. Mo Casino Royale Bond o bea mo di-dozen tse pedi. Phatlalatso mo go 19–36, 13–18 le lefela e neilwe leina la gagwe moragonyana, ke mongwe o sele.

A leano la ga Smoke Bellew le ne le kgonega?

Ee. Leotwana le le kgopameng kgotsa le le sekameng ke sone se Jagger a se dirisitseng kwa Monte Carlo mme karolo ya Laboratori ya Roulette e tlhalosa ka fa lo ka le lemogang ka teng. Didolara di le dikete di le masome a mararo ke karolo ya boitlhamedi.

Metlae ya go iketla

Bakwadi ba dipadi ba ne ba itse. Le bone ga go a ba thusa.

Bakwadi ba dipadi ba ne ba itse. Le bone ga go a ba thusa.

Metswedi

  1. Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour. Paris, 1801.
  2. London, J. Smoke Bellew. Century, 1912. “Shorty Dreams” e tlhagile la ntlha mo Cosmopolitan, 1911.
  3. Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie. Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
  4. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1983.
  5. Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
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