Hisitori ya Roulette
Hisitori ya roulette e feta mo tekeletsong ya fisiki e e paletsweng, mo phaposing ya metshameko ya Paris, mo bakaulengweng ba babedi mo motseng wa metsi a a fodisang wa Jeremane, le mo khasinong e e dirileng phaposi e le nngwe e tala tlwaelo ya Yuropa.
Pele ga leotwana
- 1654
Pascal le Fermat: bothata jwa dintlha; boleng jo bo lebeletsweng.
Boleng jo bo Lebeletsweng mo Roulette - 1655Leotwana le le se nang maikaelelo
Blaise Pascal, a batla motšhine wa motsamao o o sa khutleng, o aga leotwana le le dikologang le le lekalekantsweng sentle. Motšhine o a palelwa; leotwana le sala jaaka sedirisiwa se se batlang se se na kgotlhego, se se lebegang se sa rulaganngwa.
Blaise Pascal: Nonwane ya Leotwana la Roulette - 1657
Huygens o phasalatsa tlhamo ya ntlha ka ga tebelelo.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: molao wa dipalo tse dikgolo.
Go Atamelana mo Nakong e Telele: Molao wa Dipalo tse Dikgolo mo Roulette - Bo1740Roly-poly le E.O.
Matlo a metshameko a Engelane a dikolosa maotwana a a nang le mafelo a e e lekalekanang le e e sa lekalekaneng. Metshameko e ilediwa gangwe le gape, mme seo se kgarametsa mefuta ya yone kwa kontinenteng.
Ke Mang yo o Tlhamileng Roulette? Tshimologo ya Roulette - 1754
d’Alembert o phasalatsa phoso e moragonyana e neng ya bidiwa ka leina la gagwe jaaka thulaganyo.
Leano la Roulette la D'Alembert - 1758
New France (Quebec) e thibela ditaese, hoca, faro le “roulette”: nngwe ya dikwalo tsa pele tse di itsegeng tsa leina leo jaaka motshameko wa go betšha.
- Bo1760
“Martingale” e tsena mo dibukeng tsa mafoko tsa Sefora jaaka puo ya go betšha.
Leano la Roulette la Martingale
Motshameko
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Padi ya ga Jaques Lablée La Roulette e tlhalosa leotwana le le nang le diphaposi di le pedi tsa khasino, 0 le 00, mo ntlong ya metshameko kwa Palais-Royal. Ke tlhaloso ya ntlha e e feletseng ya motshameko wa segompieno.
Roulette mo Dikwalong - Bo1800
Maotwana a Amerika a oketsa phaposi ya ntšhu: dipalo di le tharo tsa khasino.
Leotwana le Melao ya Roulette ya Amerika - 1837
Fora e thibela dikhasino; motshameko o fudugela kwa metseng ya metsi a a fodisang ya Jeremane.
- 1841
Bakaulengwe ba ga Blanc ba tsaya tetla ya Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François le Louis Blanc ba bula khasino mo motseng wa metsi a a fodisang wa Jeremane mme ba ntsha lefela le le menagane. Leotwana la lefela le le lengwe le fokotsa molemo wa khasino ka halofo mme le gogela batshameki kgakala le mafelo a boikhutso a a kgaisanang.
Bad Homburg le Dikhasino tsa Metse ya Metsi a a Fodisang - 1863Monte Carlo
Fa go betšha go ilediwa gotlhe kwa Jeremane, Blanc o tsaya khasino e e sokolang kwa Monaco. Monte Carlo e nna sekao sa roulette ya Yuropa; lefela le le lengwe ke tlwaelo ya yone.
Roulette ya Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Roulettenburg ya ga Dostoevsky - 1868
Seporo go tswa Nice go ya Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco e phimola lekgetho la letseno.
- 1872
Prussia e tswala dikhasino tsa Jeremane.
Batshameki le diteko
- Bo1870
Labouchère o anamisa thulaganyo ya go phimola kwa London.
Leano la Roulette la Labouchère - go ka nna 1880Leotwana la ga Jagger
Joseph Jagger, rakgwebo wa masela wa Yorkshire, o dira gore maotwana kwa Monte Carlo a kwalwe mme o bea bete mo dipalong tse di tswang thata. O fenya khumo; khasino e suthisa maotwana a yone, morago e a emisetsa.
Joseph Jagger: Leano la Roulette kwa Monte Carlo - 1891Monna yo o robileng banka
Charles Wells o fetsa ditšhipi tsa tafole makgetlho a le mmalwa mo malatsing a le mmalwa, mme seo sa tlhotlheletsa pina ya music-hall. Dipatlisiso ga di bone thulaganyo, di bona lesego fela mme, morago, boradia kwa gongwe.
Monna yo o Robileng Banka - 1900
Pearson o phasalatsa teko ya chi-square ka data ya ditikologo tsa Monte Carlo.
Teko ya Chi-Square - 1907
Fora e boa e letla dikhasino mo metseng ya metsi a a fodisang le ya lotshitshi lwa lewatle.
- 1913
Ntsho di le 26 ka go latelana kwa Monte Carlo.
Phoso ya Motshameki - 1931
Nevada e letla go betšha mo dikhasinong ka molao.
Maotwana a Roulette a Las Vegas - Bo1940
Ulam le von Neumann ba taya mokgwa wa Monte Carlo leina.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond o bea bete mo di-dozen di le pedi mo roulette.
Leano la Roulette la James Bond - 1961
Thorp le Shannon ba aga khomputara ya ntlha ya roulette e e ka aparwang.
Dikhomputara tsa Roulette - 1965
Dubins le Savage ba supa gore motshameko o o pelokgale ke one o o gaisang mo metshamekong e e sa siamang.
- 1969
Patlisiso ya ga Thorp e tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang go se na thulaganyo ya dibete e e fenyang motshameko o boleng jwa one jo bo lebeletsweng bo leng kwa tlase ga lefela.
Tlhamane: Leano la Roulette le le Fenyang ka Metlha - 1977–81
Dikhomputara tse di fitlhilweng tsa The Eudaemons kwa Nevada: ka fa tlase ga sebaka ka 1978, mo seetšheng ka 1981.
The Eudaemons - 1985
Nevada e dira didirisiwa tsa go bolelela pele tlolomolao. Bass o phasalatsa The Eudaemonic Pie.
Go Tsietsa mo Roulette
Motshameko wa segompieno
- Lekgolo la bo20Go tswa metseng ya kalafi go ya disekirining
Roulette e ya kwa Las Vegas le lefela le le menagane le busitswe, morago kwa ditafoleng tsa RNG tsa inthanete ka bo1990 le kwa maotwaneng a distudio a a phasalatswang a phela ka bo2000.
Roulette ya Yuropa le ya Amerika - Bo1990
Lelapa la ga García-Pelayo le dirisa maotwana a a sekameng gaufi le Madrid; ba a ilediwa; dikgotlatshekelo di phutlhama kiletso (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Thulaganyo ya Roulette - 1996
Dikhasino tsa ntlha tsa inthanete tse di nang le roulette ya RNG.
Roulette e e Phelang le Roulette ya RNG - 2003–06
Roulette ya moabi yo o phelang e phasalatswa go tswa kwa distudiong; Riga le Malta di nna ditikwatikwe.
Roulette e e Phelang e Dira Jang - 2004
Setlhopha sa Ritz se fenya £1.3m ka go bolelela kgwele pele; laser e go neng ga begwa ka yone ga e ke e bonwe; ga go na molato o o tsentsweng.
Go Tshameka ka Molemo mo Roulette - 2005
UK Gambling Act: dilaesense tse di feletseng tsa go betšha go le kgakala.
Roulette kwa UK - 2012
Small le Tse ba phasalatsa fisiki ya go bolelela roulette pele.
Fisiki ya Leotwana la Roulette - 2013
New Jersey e simolola dikhasino tsa inthanete tse di laolwang.
Roulette kwa USA - 2016
Roulette ya lefela le le meraro kwa Las Vegas Strip.
Roulette ya Malefela a Mararo - 2018
Kiletso ya puso ya kgaolo ya US ya go betšha mo metshamekong e a phimolwa; dinaga tsa kgaolo di dira melao.
- 2021
Jeremane le Netherlands di naya dilaesense tsa metshameko ya khasino ya inthanete.
Roulette kwa Yuropa - 2026
Saete e: letlha lengwe le lengwe le le fa godimo, le dipalo tsa lone.
Mola o le mongwe o o botlhokwa
Mo makgolong a mabedi le halofo a dingwaga odds tsa roulette di fetogile gangwe go solegela motshameki molemo (1843, lefela le le lengwe le ntshitswe) mme gabedi kgatlhanong le ene (ntšhu ka bo1800, lefela le le meraro ka 2016). Sengwe le sengwe se sengwe, dithulaganyo, dikhomputara, distudio, mabone, se tlogetse dipalo fa Lablée a di fitlhetseng teng: 36/n − 1 kgatlhanong le leotwana le le nang le phaposi e le nngwe go feta foo.
Dipotso
La ga Pascal. Ditekeletso tsa leotwana ke tsa nnete; kgolagano le roulette ke ya ngwao.
Mo lekgolong la bo19 la dingwaga; thulaganyo ya Yuropa e e dirisiwang gompieno e ne e setse e tlwaelegile ka motlha wa Monte Carlo.
Gongwe ke la molao. Leotwana le weditswe.
Metlae ya go iketla
Makgolo a mabedi le halofo a dingwaga, tokafatso e le nngwe, diphetogo tse pedi tse di boelang morago, dipolelo di le dintsi.
Metswedi
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.